CONFLICTS IN AFRICA.

CONFLICTS IN AFRICA.

               Conflict, is an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principle. This situation leads to actual fighting, which cause death of people and destruction of properties like building, infrastructures. Conflict in Africa began from 1960s, in which most African countries got their independence. Recent years many regions in Africa involved in wars, for example Sudan, Nigeria, Libya and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). There are Economic and Social factors for conflicts in Africa. By starting with economic factors for conflicts as follows:

               Massive unemployment, the state of being unemployed, means a situation where by people with qualification lacks job opportunities. Most of African countries became a victim of unemployment. Examples of countries which suffer from conflict like Libya, Sudan. For example in Nigeria gets into conflicts because of Inequality in provision of job opportunity that southern Nigeria are given much priority than northern parts of Nigeria that lead the rise of conflict.

               Natural resources, these are materials such as minerals, forests, water and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain. In Africa there are many natural resources but due to unequal distribution of natural resources creates conflicts between them. For example, Libya due to oil, Tanzania and Malawi due to Lake Nyasa, North and south Sudan due to oil. This is initiated by those majorities who do not benefit with resources against those who benefits the resource.

               Foreign Investment, investment means action or process of investing money or material for profit. The surrounding of a place by hostile force in order to blocked it. Due to foreign investment means the investment done by people from another country. Tends to force some indigenous to move far from their settlement hence lead to the rise of conflict. For example in Arusha Tanzania

               Price fluctuation means suddenly raise and fall of price in a particular geographical area. Due to price fluctuation especially when price raise the majority fail to afford their needs. As a result they enter into conflict with their Government, for example Zimbabwe due to oil raised.

A part from economic factors also there are social factors for conflicts in Africa, these as follows:

               Population pressure, rapid increase number of people in a certain geographical area. When the number of people is higher than available resource this lead to the shortage or scarcity of natural resources like land which is mostly used for settlement, Agricultural activities and mining. Whereby due to the scarcity of land influence people to get into conflicts. For example Morogoro in Tanzania this conflict include pastoralist and farmers.

               Religious difference, this means different ideologies in believes, there are Christians and Muslims. Due to this differences lead one religion to be favored by leaders in all aspect of life such as social services like education, health, water and electricity supplier as well as infrastructures, this lead other religion to react against this situation which creates classes and disunity among the people and later on lead to conflicts. For example in Nigeria and central Africa.

               Cultural difference,  especially in tribes differences this create enemity among of them, one tribe seeming that is superior than other that lead fighting, For example in Rwanda Genocide in 1994 is between Hutu and Tutsi that cause death of many people in Rwanda, also in Nigeria is between Hausa and  Fulan.

               Inequalities, this occurs in the society experienced with classes among the people, in area where leader live mostly there is the presence of good social services like infrastructures, education, health, water and electricity while in area where lower class lived there is absence of social services. This situation lead lower class to react against the government later on creates conflict.

                In fact that, conflicts in Africa lead to some effects like mass killing of people example in Rwanda Genocide (1994), lead refugees, destruction of properties like building, also leads to the decline of the economy of a particular country. In order to avoid these conflicts some solutions are to practice true democracy, provision of employment, avoiding religionism, equal sharing of natural resource as well as to avoid tribalism.

              

  

REFFERENCE OF BOOKS.

1.      Conflicts in Africa introduction of global issues (www.globalissues.org>article>http://conflicts).

2.      Conflicts and violence in Africa: causes sources and type (http://www.transcend.org>terms 2011/02).

3.      Conflicts definition and meaning/ Collins English dictionary (http://www.collinsdictionary.com)